Prep the produce: Halve the jalapeño and remove seeds for mild heat. Cut the onion into wedges.
Slice the bell pepper. If using fresh corn, cut kernels off the cob. Keep tomatoes whole if Roma; halve if large.
Season the veggies: In a bowl, toss tomatoes, onion, jalapeño, bell pepper, corn, and garlic with olive oil, cumin, chili powder, smoked paprika, and a pinch of salt and pepper.
Air fry the veggies: Arrange in a single layer in the air fryer basket.
Cook at 390°F (200°C) for 10–12 minutes, shaking halfway, until lightly charred and fragrant. Set aside.
Cook the chicken: Pat chicken dry, lightly oil, and season with salt and pepper. Air fry at 380°F (193°C) for 10–14 minutes, flipping halfway, until the internal temperature hits 165°F (74°C).
Rest 5 minutes, then shred or chop.
Build the broth: In a large pot over medium heat, add the roasted veggies, shredded chicken, chicken broth, black beans, and diced green chiles. Bring to a gentle simmer.
Adjust and brighten: Simmer 10–15 minutes to meld flavors. Stir in lime juice and taste.
Add more salt, pepper, or lime as needed.
Serve with toppings: Ladle into bowls and finish with cilantro. Add avocado, tortilla strips, cheese, or sour cream if you like.