Prep the cauliflower: Rinse, dry thoroughly, and cut into small, uniform florets—about the size of large popcorn. Smaller pieces crisp better.
Preheat the air fryer: Set to 400°F (200°C) for 3–5 minutes. A hot basket jump-starts crisping.
Make the spice mix: In a bowl, combine garlic powder, onion powder, smoked paprika, chili powder, cayenne, salt, and black pepper.
Toss with oil and hot sauce: In a large bowl, combine cauliflower with olive oil and hot sauce (if using).
Toss until every piece is lightly coated.
Add the dry coating: Sprinkle in cornstarch and panko along with the spice mix. Toss gently until the cauliflower is evenly coated and there are no dry pockets. If it looks floury, add a teaspoon of oil and toss again.
Air fry in batches: Arrange florets in a single layer in the basket. Do not overcrowd. Air fry at 400°F (200°C) for 10–12 minutes, shaking the basket halfway through.
Pieces should be browned and crisp at the edges.
Finish and season: Transfer to a bowl. If you like a touch of sweet heat, warm the honey or maple syrup slightly and drizzle lightly over the hot cauliflower, then toss. Add a pinch more salt to taste.
Garnish and serve: Squeeze lime over the top and sprinkle with cilantro or green onions.
Serve hot with your favorite dipping sauce.