Prep the broccoli: Cut into medium florets, about 1.5–2 inches. Rinse and pat dry. Too-small florets can overcook in the air fryer.
Pre-cook the broccoli: Microwave the florets with a splash of water for 2–3 minutes, or steam on the stovetop until just tender-crisp.
Drain well and pat dry. This step keeps the interior tender while the top crisps.
Make the quick cheese mixture: In a small saucepan over low heat, melt the butter. Add garlic and cook 30–45 seconds until fragrant.
Stir in heavy cream and Dijon. Warm gently, then remove from heat and whisk in cheddar and Gruyère until mostly melted and smooth. Season with salt, pepper, and a tiny pinch of nutmeg if using.
Mix the topping: In a bowl, combine panko, olive oil, Parmesan, a pinch of salt, and pepper.
Add a bit of smoked paprika or red pepper flakes if you like heat.
Assemble: Toss the pre-cooked broccoli with the cheese mixture to coat. Transfer to a heat-safe, air-fryer-friendly baking dish that fits your basket (metal or ceramic ramekins work well). Spread in an even layer and top with the breadcrumb mixture.
Air fry: Preheat the air fryer to 375°F (190°C) for 3–5 minutes.
Air fry the gratin for 8–12 minutes, until the topping is golden and the cheese is bubbling around the edges. If your air fryer runs hot, check at 7 minutes.
Finish and serve: Let rest 3–5 minutes so the sauce sets slightly. Add a squeeze of lemon or a sprinkle of zest and fresh herbs for brightness.
Serve warm.