Prep the onion: Finely grate the onion using the small holes of a box grater. Squeeze out excess moisture with your hands or a paper towel.
This keeps the mixture juicy but not wet.
Mix the kofta: In a large bowl, add ground beef, grated onion, garlic, parsley, mint, cumin, coriander, paprika, cinnamon or allspice, black pepper, and salt. If the mixture feels loose, add breadcrumbs or almond flour. Mix gently with your hands until just combined.
Chill briefly: Cover and refrigerate for 15–20 minutes. This helps the flavors meld and the meat firm up, making it easier to shape.
Shape the kebabs: Divide the mixture into 8 equal portions.
With damp hands, shape each portion into a 4–5 inch log around a skewer, pressing firmly. No skewers? Shape into compact ovals or small logs.
Preheat the air fryer: Set to 375°F (190°C) for 3–5 minutes.
Lightly brush the basket or tray with olive oil to prevent sticking.
Cook the first side: Arrange kebabs in a single layer with space between them. Air fry for 6–7 minutes.
Flip and finish: Turn the kebabs and cook another 5–7 minutes, until browned and cooked through. Target internal temperature: 160°F (71°C).
Rest and serve: Let the kebabs rest for 3–4 minutes. Squeeze with lemon and garnish with herbs.
Serve with warm pita, salad, and a yogurt sauce.