Prep the asparagus: Rinse and pat dry.
Snap or trim off the woody ends (about 1–2 inches). Aim for pieces of similar thickness so they cook evenly.
Season: In a bowl, toss asparagus with olive oil, salt, pepper, and garlic powder until evenly coated. Add a few swipes of lemon zest if you like a brighter flavor.
Preheat the air fryer: Set to 400°F (200°C) for 3 minutes.
A hot basket helps with browning.
Arrange in the basket: Spread asparagus in a single layer. Slight overlap is fine, but avoid piling. Work in batches if needed.
Cook: Air fry for 5–7 minutes, shaking the basket halfway.
Thinner spears may be done closer to 4–5 minutes; thicker ones may need 7–8.
Add Parmesan: Sprinkle the asparagus with Parmesan during the last 1–2 minutes of cooking so it melts slightly but doesn’t burn.
Finish: Transfer to a plate. Squeeze a little lemon juice over the top, add extra Parmesan, and a pinch of red pepper flakes if using. For extra richness, dot with a teaspoon of butter and let it melt.
Taste and adjust: Add a pinch more salt or pepper if needed.
Serve immediately while hot and crisp.